For synthetic aviation fuel (e‑SAF) developers, two questions dominate early decisions:
- Should projects be built for full RFNBO (Renewable Fuels of Non‑Biological Origin) compliance, or can low‑carbon hydrogen (LCH) remain viable?
- Which power sourcing configurations meet requirements without destroying economics?
European Union rules on additionality, temporal and geographic correlation, hydrogen certification, and penalties now directly shape cost, flexibility, and risk. Projects stall when critical trade-offs are recognized too late, not because of technology limits.
